Original research and riffs on Herman Melville, authorship, and nineteenth-century American literature.
"Duyckinck wrote reviews for an Episcopal magazine, the Churchman , and in March of 1854 was officially announced its literary editor. But by May he was able to tell Simms that he and George had decided to devote themselves heart and soul to that other ambition of Evert’s life, a… https://t.co/fpuXbi7O8A pic.twitter.com/cmpRAhePS6
— Scott Norsworthy πΊπΈ (@Melvilliana) August 3, 2025
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| Henry Norman Hudson (1814-1886) via The New York Public Library Digital Collections |
William H. Gilman in Melville's Early Life and Redburn (New York University Press and Oxford University Press, 1951) at page 316, note 148 identified Joseph Burke (1815-1902) as the likeliest real-life model for Melville's fictional fiddler, Hautboy. As a child in the early 1830's Melville could have seen "Master Burke" perform in Albany, New York and, like his narrator Helmstone in "The Fiddler," made himself "hoarse" from yelling and "applauding that name in the theatre."
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| MASTER BURKE as ROMEO. via The New York Public Library Digital Collections |
listed "The Fiddler" in her memoranda of her husband's periodical pieces and kept a copy of it in her collection of his magazine stories. -- Northwestern-Newberry Piazza Tales and Other Prose Pieces, Editorial Appendix, Notes on "The Fiddler," page 692.
What's new on Melvilliana is my discovery of an early and explicit attribution of "The Fiddler" to Herman Melville in the New York Churchman of September 9, 1854, contemporary with the story's first, anonymous publication in Harper's magazine.
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| New York Churchman - September 9, 1854 |
Harper's Magazine for September opens with an illustrated paper on the old Dutch times of Manhattan from the competent resources of LOSSING; has a sketch, "The Fiddler," by MELVILLE, showing how an author, as the world goes, may be reconciled to the failure of his volume; and TAYLER LEWIS throws out some conservative suggestions on the topic of the Unity of the Human Race. -- The Churchman, September 9, 1854
"The Fiddler" was seldom referenced in newspaper roundups of periodical literature and, except in the Churchman, never linked to Herman Melville. Despite the rarity of any notice at all, the Churchman discloses Melville's authorship of "The Fiddler" positively and rather casually, not so much as breaking news but as a matter of fact, familiar to insiders in New York City. Accompanied by a line of plot summary, this so-far unique contemporary attribution of "The Fiddler" to Herman Melville appeared in the last issue of the Churchman to be edited by H. N. Hudson.
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| Middlebury Vermont Register - January 5, 1853 via genealogybank.com |
A Vermonter by birth, Henry Norman Hudson was already well known for his trenchant literary criticism and popular lectures on Shakespeare. As shown by Mark Bayer, "Hudson was a prolific scholar, editor, and educator" whose influence on Shakespeare studies in the United States deserves fuller appreciation and respect.
Whether Hudson was too impractical or too temperamental, or whether the proprietor was a little impatient, we can not be sure. That friction arose is entirely certain and that Hudson was firmly determined to have no more of it is equally plain. He resigned, he announced in THE CHURCHMAN (September 9, 1854), because the proprietor was setting "the editorial department at strife and controversy with itself" by engaging outside writers without consulting the editor. -- Clifton H. Brewer on "The History of The Churchman: Some Old-Time Editors" in The Churchman Volume 132 (November 28, 1925) pages 10-11.
On Hudson's last day at work, September 9, 1854, the "Literature" department contained notices of two contributions by Melville in different magazines, "The Fiddler" in Harper's and several chapters of "Israel Potter" in Putnam's. In "Harper's Magazine for September" the Churchman acknowledges only three items. Ignored altogether are three new chapters from Thackeray's new novel, The Newcomes. Instead, the Churchman notices
a sketch, "The Fiddler," by MELVILLE, showing how an author, as the world goes, may be reconciled to the failure of his volume....
Brief as it is, this treatment of "The Fiddler" in the Churchman features a handy summary of the story's moral along with a remarkably casual attribution to Melville. Both the commentary and the attribution are unparalleled. In the selective survey of Harper's for September, the notice of "The Fiddler" appears in between mentions of an "illustrated paper on the old Dutch times of Manhattan" (uncredited in Harper's but knowingly associated here with "the competent resources" of Benson John Lossing) and Tayler Lewis on the "Unity of the Human Race" (sole topic of the unsigned essay taking up the whole "Editor's Table" that month, starting with the question, "IS THE HUMAN RACE ONE OR MANY?").
In the same column of the Churchman, surveying the contents of another prominent American journal, the reviewer went on to notice the latest installment of Melville's Israel Potter, as serialized in the September 1854 issue of Putnam's Monthly Magazine:
Putnam's Monthly has an elaborate article, clearly written, on the "Parties and Politics" of the country, past and present; several interesting descriptive papers of American nature; a continuation of Israel Potter's Fifty Years of Exile, the main incidents of which are founded on fact. POTTER was wounded at Bunker Hill, was captured by the British in an attempt to cut off their supplies in Boston harbour, and was carried to England. He was actually employed by FRANKLIN, as represented by MELVILLE in this embellished account of his career, the interest of which is well developed in the present number.
These remarkably well-informed and favorable notices of Herman Melville's contributions to Harper's and Putnam's coincided with the tenure of Melville's good friend Evert A. Duyckinck as literary editor of the Churchman. Duyckinck's role as head of the regular "Department of Literature" was formally announced by owner John Hecker and editor H. N. Hudson in the Prospectus for volume 24, reprinted in the Churchman on March 4, 1854.
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| The Churchman - March 4, 1854 via newspapers.com |
"Arrangements have also been made for keeping up statedly a Department of Literature. This department is placed under the entire charge and control of EVERT A. DUYCKINCK, Esq., late Editor of the Literary World, whose name is deemed a sufficient guaranty of whatsoever attractions, both in matter and style, such a department is ordinarily capable of furnishing."
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| New York Churchman - March 11, 1854 |
Putnam's Monthly for March has the commencement of a series of papers by HERMAN MELVILLE, sketches of the barren islands of the Gallapagos, under the equator, on the Pacific. His opening sentence shows his graphic hand,-- "Take five-and-twenty heaps of cinders dumped here and there in an outside city lot; imagine some of them magnified into mountains, and the vacant lot the sea; and you will have a fit idea of the general aspect of the Encantadas or Enchanted Isles."On April 22, 1854 Duyckinck observed that "Putnam's Monthly for April continues Mr. MELVILLE"S Encantadas...."
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| New York Churchman - May 6, 1854 |
Reviewing Peck, Duyckinck directly quotes from Redburn Chapter 28.But we turn to more agreeable incidents. A sailor's dinner is a thing to be relished all the world over. Who does not remember, in Mr. MELVILLE'S capital book "Redburn," the achievements of that young gentleman on his first voyage when, at Liverpool, "he goes to supper at the sign of the 'Baltimore Clipper'," and the ardent company "wrapt themselves in hot jackets of beef-steaks." This is the kind of thing to give a wholesome shock to the dyspeptic. Would you know what appetite really is, of what this admirable structure is capable, flee Delmonico's and the St. Nicholas, the jaded tables of the Fifth avenue, and place yourself alongside of a potent skipper of the seas in DORAN's modest mansion, which rises amidst the incense of fiery oyster sacrifices in the very heart of the Fulton Market--or, for the same number of shillings, you may enjoy Mr. PECK's hardly less substantial feast at Melbourne.
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| New York Daily Times - November 13, 1852 |
"Mr. Herman Melville is expected to take tea with us tomorrow which is Friday afternoon he would like to meet you . . . If you see Mr. Hudson will you be so kind as to extend the invitation to him.
Possibly Melville got to meet Dana and "Mr. Hudson" the next day on Friday, July 9, 1847, at tea with Ida Russell. In any event, Henry Norman Hudson's presence in Boston is definitely established by extant letters to Evert A. Duyckinck, accessible courtesy of the New York Public Library Digital Collections. Most relevant there is Hudson's newsy 3-page letter from Boston dated March 27, 1847. Citation:I intend only to ask a few Dr. Vinton among others. If any other members of your family are in town I wish they would come."
Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Hudson, Henry Norman (1814-86)" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed April 16, 2025. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/9462eaa0-69fc-0133-794f-00505686a51c
Looking further into the identity of Ida Russell's "Mr. Hudson," I just learned that Roma Rosen nominated Henry Norman Hudson 63 years ago in Melville's Uses of Shakespeare's Plays (PhD dissertation, Northwestern University, 1962). As Rosen reasons,
Rosen makes a great case for the influence of Hudson's negative view of Polonius in Lectures on Shakespeare Volume 2 (New York: Baker and Scribner, 1848) pages 119-121 on the equally salty commentary of Charlie in the Confidence-Man Chapter 30."There is a possibility that the "Mr. Hudson" mentioned in Miss Russell's invitation was the Shakespearean critic and that Melville met him, too, on this occasion." (pages 183-184)
"This book has come to us, wafted on a perfect gale of puffery."
Hudson's 1847 review of Festus very likely influenced Melville's critique of Transcendentalism in Pierre (1852), as James Duban argues in Melville's Major Fiction: Politics, Theology, and Imagination (Northern Illinois University Press, 1983) at pages 172-176. John Stafford in The Literary Criticism of Young America (University of California Press, 1952) at page 102 recalls how
"Henry Norman Hudson thoroughly dissected P. J. Bailey's Festus for the Whig Review, objecting to its liberal and transcendental philosophy, its liberal and democratic politics.
At page 127 of the same book, Stafford pairs Hudson and George Washington Peck as New England "farm boys," both of whom became "conservative supporters of the Establishment party," more or less in opposition to democratic Young Americans and their Manhattan champion, Evert A. Duyckinck.
Hudson's two-volume work, Lectures on Shakespeare (Baker and Scribner, 1848) is Number 376 in Melville's Sources by Mary K. Bercaw (Northwestern University Press, 1987). Listed there on page 92, citing H. J. Lang who had proposed Hudson's 1848 Lectures on Shakespeare as a source for "Benito Cereno" and Billy Budd in "Poe in Melville's 'Benito Cereno,'" English Studies Today, Fifth Series (1973) pages 405-429.
From the obituary of Henry Norman Hudson, "the well known Shakespearian scholar," as published in the Boston Evening Transcript on January 18, 1886:
... Personally Mr. Hudson was said to be a man of marked peculiarities. He cared little for the opinions of others where they were at variance with his own, and would not have been troubled if he had had to stand against the world. He had the courage of his convictions almost more than any other man of his time. In appearance he was thought to resemble Carlyle. His life work had been primarily the study of the one great subject of Shakespeare, and his English text-books were a vigorous protest "against putting young students through a course of mere nibbles and snatches from a multitude of authors, where they cannot stay long enough with any one to develop any real taste for him or derive any solid benefit from him." In 1852 he married Emily S., the oldest daughter of the late Henry Bright of Northampton. His son is a merchant in Omaha.
Also published in the year of Hudson's death, Jeremiah Eames Rankin's public address The Shakespeare Interpreter (Middlebury, Vermont, 1886), concluding with a fine memorial tribute to Henry Norman Hudson on pages 29-42.
For more in the way of 19th century biography, see the entry for HENRY NORMAN HUDSON in the Cyclopædia of American Literature, Volume 2, edited by Evert A. Duyckinck and George L. Duyckinck (New York: Charles Scribner, 1856) pages 597-599. A later, more succinct treatment may be found in the New International Encyclopædia, Volume 9, edited by Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, and Frank Moore Colby (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1903) at page 630.
HUDSON, HENRY NORMAN (1814-86). An American Shakespearean scholar and editor, born at Cornwall, Addison Co., Vt. In early life he worked as a baker and a wheelwright. He graduated from Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1840, and then taught school in Kentucky and Alabama. He presently became an authority of considerable note on Shakespeare, lectured widely on his works, and was appointed a professor in Boston University. Among his works in this field are: Lectures on Shakespeare ( 2 vols., 1848); a valuable annotated edition (11 vols.,1851-56); and Shakespeare: His Life, Art, and Characters (2 vols., 1872). Having entered the priesthood of the Protestant Episcopal Church, he was for some years editor of the Churchman; was rector at Litchfield, Conn., 1859-60, and served as chaplain in the Union Army during the Civil War. On his return he published A Chaplain's Campaign with General Butler (1865). He was author also of Sermons (1874); Studies in Wordsworth (1884); Essays in Education (1884); and other works.
But look, what are yon wobegone regiments drawn up on the next shelf above? what rank and file of large strange fowl? what sea Friars of Orders Gray? Pelicans. Their elongated bills, and heavy leathern pouches suspended thereto, give them the most lugubrious expression. A pensive race, they stand for hours together without motion. Their dull, ashy plumage imparts an aspect as if they had been powdered over with cinders. A penitential bird indeed, fitly haunting the shores of the clinkered Encantadas, whereon tormented Job himself might have well sat down and scraped himself with potsherds. -- The Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles - Sketch Third, Rock Rodondo in Putnam's Monthly for March 1854; reprinted in The Piazza Tales (1856) at page 309.Thus represented in military and monastic metaphors as "wobegone regiments" of pitifully sad and abandoned creatures arranged in "rank and file," Melville's battle-worn and scourged penitents of pelicans seem the very emblem of suffering in captivity. Suggestive analogues can be found in published works by other writers, notably The Pelican Island (1827) by James Montgomery and Thomas Beale's The Natural History of the Sperm Whale (1839), both quoted (for different reasons, not directly connected with pelicans) in the Extracts section of Moby-Dick.
From God in the Street: New York Writing from the Penny Press to Melville (Temple University Press, 1995) Chapter 7, pages 174-175:
One cannot help thinking that whatever the fate of "The Isle of the Cross," Melville's "Agatha" writing may have been part of what became "The Encantadas; or, Enchanted Isles," published in Putnam's in March, April, and May 1854.... "Sketch Eighth" of "The Encantadas," "Norfolk Isle and the Chola Widow," is most easily imagined as part of "The Isle of the Cross" project in that the principal image for Norfolk Island is the "rude cross" (155) that the Chola Widow has put up as memorial for her dead husband Felipe.
... What the "Agatha" story suggests, and the "Norfolk Isle and the Chola Widow" enacts, is the theme that "uncomplaining submission" is the admirable human reaction to the horror of a world in which God is silent.
Today I way belatedly added Bergmann's discussion of "The Chola Widow" in Chapter 7 of his 1995 book to my Agatha-Hunilla bibliography. No excuse for neglecting it until now, but I'm thankful to have God in the Street handy for a couple of weeks, on loan from my local library in Cambridge MN via Alcuin Library at St. John's University.
Related posts:
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| Detail, letter to Augusta Melville dated May 23rd, 1853 NYPL Digital Collections |
When will the "Isle of the Cross" make its appearance? I am constantly looking in the journals & magazines that come in my way, for notices of it.
-- Priscilla Melville, writing to Augusta on May 23, 1853.
Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Melvill, Ann Marie Priscilla "Priscilla"" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1848 - 1854. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/8f0890a0-4711-0136-688f-311c2151302e
Broderick, Warren F. "The Melville Family in Pittsfield Newspapers, 1848–1891." Leviathan, vol. 23 no. 1, 2021, p. 97-102. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/lvn.2021.0007.
Basem L. Ra’ad. “‘The Encantadas’ and ‘The Isle of the Cross’: Melvillean Dubieties, 1853-54.” American Literature 63, no. 2 (1991): 316–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2927169.
Ra'ad shows what a great title "Isle of the Cross" makes for the intensely pathetic short fiction Melville published as "Norfolk Isle and the Chola Widow." Literally and figuratively, Melville's "Norfolk Isle" sketch has "Isle" and "Cross" written all over it. But "Norfolk Isle" as published in Putnam's is only a sketch. That's the main problem with Ra'ad's argument, since Herman's mother regarded the "nearly ready" work as a book-length project that had too intensely "absorbed" her son for many months (December 1852, then January, February, March, and April 1853). Informed to that effect by Augusta while domiciled with the rest of the Arrowheads in Pittsfield, cousin Priscilla in Canandaigua was looking for a new book.
Parker, Hershel. "A Mandate Fulfilled (1965–2017): The Writings of Herman Melville." Leviathan, vol. 21 no. 2, 2019, p. 14-20. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/lvn.2019.0021.
A knotty point, a difficulty.... It does not refer to the cross, as an instrument of punishment; but to the crossing of two lines, called also a node or knot; hence a trouble or difficulty. --Dictionary of Phrase and FableMy own solution, still, is largely and admittedly speculative. Although frankly conjectural, my idea about "Isle of the Cross" has the virtue of embracing both main lines of evidence, textual as well as historical. Here it is:
"Isle of the Cross" belongs to the matter of Tortoise Hunting.
"The book is done now, in fact...."
Quoted in Merrell R. Davis, Melville's Mardi: A Chartless Voyage (Yale University Press, 1952), page 79.Likewise Moby-Dick was supposedly done in early 1851, but Melville kept adding and tinkering. His next book Pierre was supposed to be finished in January 1852 until Melville decided to make a novelist of its hero, which delayed publication to the end of July. Over time, perhaps, "Isle of the Cross" was submerged in "Tortoise Hunters" which morphed into the "Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles," a series of sketches published in Putnam's Monthly Magazine starting in March 1854.
| Southern Literary Messenger - June 1851 |
FRAGMENTS OF A MILITARY LIFE.
Mr. Editor: Was it not unkind of " Z" to anticipate by several years the regular progress of my story? If I tire not by the way,—exposing, perhaps, your readers to that danger,—I shall prove Z to be neither the alpha nor omega of these veritable recollections. Your friend, F. R. D.Two years later, in 1842-1843 the combined "Leaves" and "Notes" were published after revision in the Southern Literary Messenger as Scenes and Adventures in the Army, Sketches of Indians, and Life Beyond the Border by a Captain of U. States Dragoons:
"Scenes Beyond the Western Border" (1851-3) in the Southern Literary Messenger forms Part II of the book, Scenes and Adventures in the Army. The subtitle of the book version, Romance of Military Life, echoes the original working title for the book project, "Fragments of a Military Life."
My conjecture of Melville's involvement as Cooke's ghost-writer or ghost-editor in 1851-3 would account for the otherwise mystifying prairie dialogues that occur in each of the thirteen installments of "Scenes Beyond the Western Border." Also the later deletion of bits in the magazine version that echo material in Moby-Dick and Pierre. The intriguingly Melvillean character of these intensely literary and philosophical dialogues will be explored in future Melvilliana posts on Substack, forthcoming at
melvilliana.substack.com
Meanwhile, I offer below my imperfect transcriptions of the two known letters at NYPL from Priscilla Melvill to Augusta Melville that explicitly mention "Isle of the Cross." Corrections and comments welcome here and now, or later on Substack.
[- Dear Gus' - Can you by any artifice procure me Herman's autograph - Send it, & say nothing to him]
Ontario Female Seminary
May 23rd '53 —
-- My darling Cousin 'Gus' ---
-- You gave a true seal of affection, by withdrawing from the gay bridal scenes by which you were surrounded, to pen that last sweet letter to your exacting cousin Priss.
I become more & more convinced, that the crust of selfishness is gathering thickly around my heart with the rapid approach of age. I would make every effort to avoid this lamentable & almost inevitable consequence of the single state--indeed--poor solitary woman, after the attractive season of growth is past, is with precious few exceptions, sure to become the victim of its hardening influences--imagining that she is not properly appreciated-- & having her sensitive feelings constantly pain'd by slights where nothing of the kind was intended -- for instance when prompt attention is not accorded to my very deserving epistles.
My dear cousin 'Gus,' I fully believe the sincerity of your professions of attachment to me-- that seemed grounded on the cherish'd memories of our earlier years--a sweet bond--that will be enduring as our existence here-- & destin'd I trust to be resum'd when we regain those whose presence among us made those memories sacred -- in the groves & bowers of Paradise--where our hearts will be no more wrung by sorrow & separation.
Your frequent allusion to those happy times, assures me that they are hallow'd among your most cherish'd recollections & I will think of this sweet kind of sympathy ... harshly no more-- my dear Coz.
As to my cousin Helen, I would not bring my direct accusations against her, for worlds--but only just insinuate that her letters are like heavenly messengers & such a lengthy interval has pass'd since she vouchsaf'd any declaration of herself to her mortal cousin that I am warranted in hoping that one of these celestial visitants will soon again, greet my delighted vision.
You will laugh, & say that Priss' is soaring-- dear 'Gus' would that I could this moment soar far away, above the cares that weigh me down here. --but I have arriv'd at the conclusion, that my burden is becoming too oppressive--& am about decided on resigning my present post--tho' I may [seek a situation?] in the family of … [responsibility?].
Such close confinement & constant attendance upon my duties has entirely un-nerved me & I've scarcely courage to await the close of the term in June. Perhaps I should do a foolish thing in giving up this situation, for any uncertainty. I wish I could be gifted on this occasion with superior wisdom, to see what would be for the best. You see, dear Gus' I pour my plaints into your sympathizing bosom without any scruples.***
When will the "Isle of the Cross" make its appearance? I am constantly looking in the journals & magazines that come in my way, for notices of it. Let us note Judge Shaw's visit to Europe as one of the remarkable events of 1853.
I reciev'd a letter from Sister Helen, last week. They are all well. Kiss my Auntie for me. Now may you all enjoy pleasant dreams this night & accept the fond love of your Cousin Priss.
Ontario Female Seminary
June 12th '53 —
My dear Cousin 'Gus' —
— Just like yourself to answer my letter so promptly & I've allow'd you to think me regardless of that & of my Auntie's affectionate invitation so earnestly seconded from the depths of your warm heart--Coz--to visit "Arrowhead," if possible at an early day--for the reason, that I've been unable, 'till within a day or two, to name the time when I could enjoy that pleasure.
Assure my Auntie that I thank her most sincerely, & Kate's absence from home would leave a nice vacancy for me--but it will be impossible for me to leave before the middle or last of August & perhaps by that time, space will be left for my corporeal frame, by some more fortunate coincidence, than the exile of one of my cousins. but should it be very inconvenient about that time be a frank good girl, & tell her.
-no letter from Helen as yet -
- dear cousin - my arrangements for visiting you are delay'd because I have decided--after a struggle between two necessities ---that in compassion to my health & spirits I must resign these cares & take my chances of providing for my bodily wants in some other way. Nothing suggests itself at present, but to improve that pleasant visit with you in endeavoring to procure board & a room (which I will furnish myself, at the cheapest possible rate, in the village & piece out a living with my needle--you may all think it a forlorn task but I should be much more independent & I would greatly prefer it to going into a family in any capacity. I have had trial of that. -- --& in consequence of my voluntary act I shall soon be a waif on the sea of fate.
I am glad to hear such a favorable report of Lizzie She is really gathering quite a little family around her & Arrowhead mansion will hardly be spacious enough. The "Isle of the Cross" is almost a twin sister of the little one & I think she should be nam'd for the heroine if there is such a personage. The advent of the two are singularly near together.
Many thanks for the autograph. good night my dearest 'gus' Love to all from your affectionate cousin Priscilla.
Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Melvill, Ann Marie Priscilla "Priscilla"" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed February 11, 2022. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/8f0890a0-4711-0136-688f-311c2151302e
By "the little one" Priscilla meant the Melville's new baby daughter Elizabeth "Bessie" Melville, born May 22, 1853.
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| Bidwell's Bar, Butte County. Henry Rust Mighels, 1856 via California State Library |
No known manuscript, and no later printing in Melville's lifetime.
Turns out, however, there were later printings of some Encantadas sketches in Melville's lifetime. For one, all of the Hunilla sketch was reprinted from Putnam's magazine in a California gold-mining newspaper, as Melvilliana has discovered at no little expense, after renewing our lapsed subscription to NewspaperArchive. Under the major heading "The Story," the pathetic tale of Hunilla appeared in the Butte Record (Bidwell, Butte County, California) on Saturday, October 27, 1855.
Bidwell Bar (or Bidwell's Bar) was the first of the great mining camps that were settled in Feather River country of Central California. -- Western Mining History
As in Putnam's, the Bidwell, California reprinting is titled "NORFOLK ISLE AND THE CHOLA WIDOW." Also as in Putnam's, "Norfolk Isle" begins with uncredited epigraphs that Melville adapted from Spenser's The Faerie Queene and the Mynstrelles Songe in Chatterton's Γlla. Not included, the extra epigraph from Dirge in Cymbeline by William Collins that Melville would add in the book version.
Butte Record (Bidwell, Butte County, Calif.)
October 27, 1855
The Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles.(GALLAPAGOS.)THE ISLES AT LARGE.
In added parentheses, this San Francisco version of Sketch First helpfully locates Melville's Encantadas among the "Gallapagos" islands. Melville's pseudonym Salvator R. Tarnmoor (used at the start of each installment in the magazine series but not in the book version) has been omitted in the Chronicle reprinting. At the end of the sketch, the Chronicle credits Putnam's without naming any author.
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| San Francisco California Chronicle April 13, 1854 |
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| Susquehanna Register (Montrose, Pennsylvania) March 9, 1854 |
Fifty years in Exile.
By Herman Melville, author of "Omoo," "Typee," etc. Complete in two volumes, paper cover, price $1.00; or in one volume, cloth, $1.25.
The Masquerade.
By Herman Melville, author "Typee," "Omoo," etc. Complete in two volumes, paper cover. Price $1.00; or in one vol., cloth, for $1.25.
https://books.google.com/books?id=xK8edm7GYA4C&pg=PT12&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false
The Enchanted Isles.
By Herman Melville, author of "Omoo," “Typee," etc. Complete in two volumes, paper cover. Price $1.00; or in one vol., cloth, for $1.25
